Heat transfer takes place when ________ with a warmer substance.
is there a colder substance
a colder substance comes into contact
does the colder substance contact
contacts a colder substance
Adult fleas ______ only blood and are external parasites of mammals and birds.
eat
having eaten
that eat
to eat
Neptune is ______ any planet except Pluto.
to be far from the Sun
far from the Sun being
farther than the Sun is
farther from the Sun than
The importance of the hand, and more generally of the body, in children’s acquisition of arithmetic _______.
can hardly be exaggerated
hardly exaggerated can be
can be exaggerated hardly
exaggerated can be hardly
Jackie Joyner-Kersee, _____ the world record in the heptathlon in the 1988 Olympics, also won the long jump in the year.
whose setting
which she set
whoever set
who set
The Earth has a tremendous amount of water, but _________ in the ocean.
almost all of it is
it is almost all of
is of it almost all
all is of it almost
Heat energy may be absorbed or released when _____ while work is done on or by the system
changes in the internal energy of a system
by changing the internal energy of a system
the internal energy of a system that changes
the internal energy of a system changes
The fossilized remains of a type of camel _______ a dog have been found in the Bad Lands of South.
no more large
no larger than
not larger
which no larger
_______ that the first cheese was probably made more than 4,000 years ago by nomadic tribes in Asia.
The belief
Although they believe
It is believed
Believing
Generally, the representatives ________ a legislature are constitutionally elected by a broad spectrum of the population.
who they compose
who compose
as compose
compose
Halley's Comet had its first documented sighting in 240 B.C. in China and _____ it has been seen from the Earth 29 times.
after
because of
since then
that is
The quince is an attractive shrub or small tree _______ closely related to the apple and pear trees.
is
that it is
is that which
Gorillas are quiet animals, _____ they are capable of making about 20 different sounds.
whether
which
even though
as well as
Methods of measuring mass, time, and distance are ________ of human culture.
among the oldest skills
they are among the oldest skills
what among the oldest skills
the skills that among the oldest
__________ have sense organs in a canal known as the lateral line, which allows them to respond to changes in water pressure caused by nearby motion.
That the fish
Fish
When fish
If the fish
Some bird species have a song that is totally uninfluenced _______ environment during their development, whereas other species learn from other birds while young.
the
yet the
since the
by the
The total mass of all asteroids in the solar system is much less ________ mass of Earth's Moon.
than that is the
than the
is the
_______ they sometimes swim alone, dolphins usually congregate in large groups, often numbering in the hundreds.
Why
Although
Even
Nevertheless
Direct information on the chemical composition of the Moon became available in 1969 _______ of the first Apollo mission to land on the Moon.
with the return
returning
when returned
and the return
The ceremonial Chilcat blanket of the Northwest Tlingit Indians was generally _____ from cedar bark, wool, and goats' hair.
wove
to weave
weaving
woven
________ touching in O. Henry's stories is the gallantry with which ordinary people struggle to maintain their dignity.
Most is
It mostly is
Is it most
What is most
A stream of volcanic lava flows differently, ______ on the sort of ground it flows over.
to depend
depending
that dependent
when it depended
Many small birds use new sites for each nesting, _ large birds often reuse the same nest.
by
how
within
whereas
_____ that Rachel Carson's 1962 book Silent Spring was one of the chief sources of inspiration for the development of nontoxic pesticides.
There is likely
Likely to be
It is likely
Likely
Although many people use the word “milk” to refer to cow’s milk, to milk from any animal, including human milk and goat’s milk.
applying it also
applies also
it also applies
but it also applies
_____ composed traditionally has been a subject of debate among scholars.
Were ballads how
Ballads were how they
How ballads that were
How ballads were
The face of the Moon is changed by collisions with meteoroids, ________ new craters to appear.
cause
causing
caused
have cause
Plateaus are often referred to as tablelands __ essentially flat-topped and stand conspicuously above an adjacent land area.
because are
because they are
because of their
which because they are
One of Ulysses S. Grant's first acts as President of the United States was to name the Seneca chief Donehogawa ________ of Indian Affairs.
as was Commissioner
Commissioner
was Commissioner
him Commissioner
Total color blindness, ________ , is the result of a defect in the retina.
a rare condition that
a rare condition
that a rare condition
is a rare condition
______ no conclusive evidence exists, many experts believe that the wheel was invented only once and then diffused to the rest of the world.
But
So
Louisa May Alcott published her first book Flower Fables, ______ of fairy tales, in 1854.
which a collection
a collection was
a collection
in which a collection
During the course of its growth, a frog undergoes a true metamorphosis _______ with fishlike larval stage.
begin
began
beginning
is begun
Recent technology gives computers ______ , making them multimedia machines with interactive potential.
both audio and video capability
its capability is both audio and video
both audio and video are capable
capable of both audio and video
Drinking water excessive amounts of fluorides may leave a stained or mottled effect on the enamel of teeth.
containing
in which containing
contains
that contain
Even as a girl, _____ to be her life, and theater audiences were to be her best teachers.
performances by Fanny Brice were
it was known that Fanny Brice's performances were
audiences knew that Fanny Brice's performances were
Fanny Brice knew that performing was
Geophysicists have collaborated with archaeologists and anthropologists to study the magnetic properties of pottery and fireplaces at sites ________ by early humans.
occupied
occupying
which occupy
were occupied
Relative humidity is the amount of water vapor the air contains at a certain temperature _____ with the amount it could hold at that temperature.
to compare
compared
comparing
compares
Although the many hours of summer sunshine in Canada's Klondike region produce good vegetable crops, the long winters rarely permit _______ .
grain crops ripen
grain crops are ripe
the ripening of grain crops
to ripen grain crops
Tornadoes, powerful, destructive wind storms, occur most often in the spring when hot winds ______ over flat land encounter heavy cold air.
which to rise
that rising
are rising
rising
Citrus fruits(A) thrive(B) in quite very(C) tropical climates(D).
fruits
thrive
quite very
climates
A variation(A) of collodion photography was the tintype, which(B) captured images on a black or(C) dark brown metal plate instead(D) from on glass.
variation
or
instead
According(A) to most psychological(B) studies, body language expresses(C) a speaker's emotions and attitudes, and it also tends to affect the emotions and attitudes of the listen(D).
according
psychological
expresses
listen
Educator(A) Helen Magill White was the first(B) American woman to have earn(C) the PH.D. degree(D).
educator
was the first
to have earn
degree
Ripe(A) fruit is often stored(B) in a place who(C) contains much carbon dioxide so that the fruit will not decay too rapidly(D).
ripe
stored
who
rapidly
Because the(A) atmosphere of Mars is so(B) thin, wind velocities of(C) several hundred kilometers per hour are required to raised(D) dust particles during dust storms.
because the
so
velocities of
raised
The symptoms of(A) pneumonia, a(B) lung infection, include(C) high fever, chest pain, breathing difficult(D), and coughing.
of
a
include
difficult
A coral reef, a(A) intricate aquatic community(B) of plants and animals, is found(C) only in warm, shallow, sunlit seas(D).
community
found
warm, shallow, sunlit seas
It may be argued that genetics, the study(A) of heredity and variation, underwent(B) the most rapid(C) development of any science biological(D) in the twentieth century.
study
underwent
most rapid
science biological
Lumbering, the remove(A) of timber from(B) the forest, is a(C) major industry in(D) the Northwest region of North America.
remove
from
is a
in
The Humber River and its(A) valley form(B) a major(C) salmon-fishing, lumbering, hunting, and farmer(D) region in western Newfoundland, Canada.
its
form
major
farmer
The main purpose of classifying(A) animals is(B) to show the most probable evolutionary relationship of the different(C) species to each another(D).
classifying
different
another
The most important parameters(A) affecting a rocket's maximum flight velocity is the relationship between(B) the vehicle's mass and the amount(C) of propellant it can carry(D) .
parameters
between
amount
carry
Gwendolyn Brooks, which(A) won a Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 1950, had(B) 75 poems(C) published by the time she was(D) twenty.
had
poems
was
Throughout her career(A) , Georgia O'Keeffe paid(B) meticulous attention to her craft; her brushes were always(C) clean, her colors fresh and brightness(D).
career
paid
where always
brightness
It(A) has been estimated that during every second(B) of our life, 10,000,000 red blood cells died(C) and are replaced by new ones(D).
it
second
died
new ones
Much(A) theories have been(B) developed concerning how(C) people learn about cultures from the myths and legends passed down from one generation to another(D).
much
have been
Periodic(A) fires commonly spread across grasslands and plays(B) an important role in the maintenance(C) and character of these ecosystems(D).
periodic
plays
maintenance
ecosystems
The(A) thirteen stripes of the United States flag represent(B) the original thirteen(C) states of the Union, which they all(D) were once colonies of Britain.
represents
original thirteen
they all
Matthew C. Perry, a United States naval(A) commander, gained(B) fame not in war and(C) through diplomacy(D).
naval
gained
and
diplomacy
The Alaskan Highway was officially(A) opened November 20, 1942, although(B) much more(C) work needed be(D) done to complete it.
officially
although
more
needed be
The first city in the United States that put(A) into effect major plan(B) for the clustering(C) of government buildings(D) was Washington, D.C.
put
plan
the clustering
buildings
By(A) the second month of life, most infant(B) can turn their heads and move their eyes to follow(C) the movements of people(D) and large objects around them.
infant
to follow
of people
Beyond their(A) importance as a source(B) of food for both(C) people and animals, corn is also used(D) to produce alcohol-based fuels.
their
source
both
used
The Texas Panhandle region, in the(A) northwestern part(B) of the state, produces more wheat, cotton(C), and grain sorghum than any of(D) other areas of Texas.
in the
part
cotton
any of
The wide(A) range of(B) elevations in the southern Appalachian Mountains allows for the great diverse(C) of plant life found there(D).
wide
diverse
there
The cultures early(A) of the genus Homo were generally distinguished by regular(B) use of stone tools(C) and by a hunting and gathering economy(D).
cultures early
regular
stone tools
economy
Light rays what(A) enter the eye must(B) be focused onto a point on the retina in order for a clear(C) visual image to form(D).
what
must
clear
to form
Poems vary in length(A) from(B) brief lyric poems to narrative(C) or epic poems, which can be as broad in scope than(D) a novel.
length
narrative
than
Chocolate is prepared by a complexity(A) process of cleaning, blending(B) and roasting cocoa beans, which must be(C) ground and mixed(D) with sugar.
complexity
blending
must be
mixed
For more eighty(A) years, scientists have argued over whether(B) life(C) exists on the planet(D) Mars.
more eighty
life
planet
Charleston, West Virginia, was named for(A) Charles Clendenin, who(B) son George acquired(C) land at the junction of the Elk and Kanawha rivers(D) in 1787.
for
acquired
rivers
The modern detective story in which(A) a detective solves a crime(B) by discovering and interpretation(C) evidence, is considered to have(D) originated with Edgar Allan Poe's "The Murders in the Rue Morgue".
in which
crime
interpretation
to have
Migration of animals may be initiated by(A) physiological stimuli such as(B) reproductive changes, external pressures such as weather changes(C), or a combination of either(D) types of changes.
such as
weather changes
either
It is(A) the number, kind, and arrange(B) of teeth that determine whether(C) a mammal is classified as a carnivore; not the food that the animal actually eats(D).
it is
arrange
actually eats
Leontyne Price ranks(A) among the most celebration(B) sopranos of(C) her time(D).
ranks
celebration
time
The style of used(A) in cartoon animation ranges from(B) relatively(C) realistic representations of everyday life to the most romantic and impossible fantasy(D).
style of used
relatively
fantasy
Although(A) ferns lack(B) flowers, they do(C) have leaves, stems, and root(D).
lack
do
root
Hard(A) and resistant to corrosion, bronze is traditionally(B) used in bell casting and is the material used widely most(C) for metal sculpture(D).
hard
is traditionally
wildly most
sculpture
Ordinary(A) beaver dams vary(B) in length from a few feet(C) to a hundred feet or more than(D).
ordinary
vary
few feet
more than
Carrie Chapman Call was instrumental(A) in passing(B) the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution gives(C) women the right to vote(D).
instrumental
in passing
gives
to vote
Judgments made(A) in a criminal cases(B) can usually be appealed to a higher court which can either(C) overturn or uphold(D) a lower court ruling.
made
cases
uphold
Discovery(A) in 1789 and(B) isolated from other element in 1841, Uranium is valued(C) as a source of(D) atomic energy.
discovery
is valued
source of
Compared(A) with another(B) breeds, quarter horses can start more quickly, turn more sharply, and run faster(C) over short(D) courses.
faster
short
Ulysses S. Kay was among the(A) United States composers visited(B) the Soviet Union in 1958 to participate(C) in a cultural exchange program(D).
among the
composers visited
to participate
program
Hawaii's eight major(A) islands and numerous(B) islets form the only(C) state in the United States that is not(D) lie on the mainland of North America.
numerous
only
is not
Plants synthesize(A) carbohydrates from water and carbon dioxide with the aid(B) of energy is derived(C) from sunlight(D).
plants synthesize
with the aid
is derived
sunlight
Harbors are protected(A) areas of water(B) that can be used the(C) transfer of passengers and cargo between(D) ships and shore.
protected
of water
used the
Small distinctions(A) among stamps, unimportant to the person average(B), would mean(C) a great deal to(D) the stamp collector.
small distinctions
the person average
mean
to
A mirage is an atmospheric(A) optical illusion in what(B) an observer sees a nonexistent body of water or(C) an image of some object(D).
atmospheric
in what
object
Faults in the Earth's crust are most evidently(A) in sedimentary formations(B), where(C) they interrupt(D) previously continuous layers.
evidently
formations
where
interrupt
The strongly patriotic(A) character of Charles Sangster's poetry is credited(B) about(C) greatly furthering(D) the cause of confederation in Canada.
patriotic
is credited
about
furthering
When a piano keyboard is substituted for(A) buttons on right(B) side of an accordion, the instrument(C) is known as(D) a piano accordion.
substituted for
on right
instrument
known as
The southwestern portion(A) of the United States is a land of little(B) rain, and parts of it are too(C) dry that they are(D) called deserts.
portion
little
too
they are
While(A) the process of photosynthesis in green plants, light energy(B) is captured and used to convert(C) water, carbon dioxide, and minerals(D) into oxygen and organic compounds.
while
energy
to convert
minerals
The one-fluid theory of electricity(A) was proposing(B) by Benjamin Franklin, a man famous(C) for his(D) wide interests and great attainments.
of electricity
proposing
man famous
his
The chorus plays a large(A) part in any(B) oratorio, linking(C) areas were sung(D) by soloists with segments of choral music.
a large
in any
linking
were sung
Generally(A), Abstract Expressionist art is without recognizable images and does(B) not adhere the(C) limits of conventional form(D).
generally
and does
adhere the
Butte, Montana, had built(A) above large deposits(B) of silver, gold, and copper and became(C) known as "the richest(D) hill on Earth."
had built
deposits
became
richest
The nitrogen(A) makes up over(B) 78 percent of(C) the Earth's atmosphere, the gaseous mass surrounding(D) the planet.
The nitrogen
over
percent of
surrounding
In pools, goldfish are not just(A) ornamental; since(B) they feed on(C) mosquito larva they are also benefit(D).
just
since
feed on
benefit